Regarding heritage resource values, the most significantissue has always been the way to evaluate these values,and researchers have been looking for comprehensiveinstructions to perform this stage of the conservationprocess to date. However, due to the dispersion of valueevaluation criteria, the wide range of heritage types, aswell as the subjectivity of the value issue, reaching a comprehensive method for this evaluation is challenging. Addressing the conservation of modern heritage as one of thenew heritage capacities, specifically in the field of heritage values, has not had a long history at the internationallevel, and there are few studies in this area. Although itis obvious that some kinds of the values in this type ofheritage would overlap the standard typologies of heritage value, addressing the specific values of this heritageis a topic that will expand the insights of experts regardingthe capacities of modern heritage. This study will answertwo questions: a) what are the main and sub-criteria of theconceptual framework for evaluating heritage values? b)What are the distinctive values of modern architecturaland urban heritage? This qualitative study has been doneusing logical reasoning technique; therefore, in the firststep, it will attempt to achieve a comprehensive and flexible conceptual framework for this process by examiningthe requirements for evaluating heritage values. The suggested framework has a Layered structure which in thefirst layer pursues the concept of heritage in a particulartime and place. In the second layer, the required criteriaare explained in order to determine the types and qualities of values. The four main determined criteria include;attributes of heritage properties, typology of values andtheir sub-criteria for quality assessment, Evaluation references or actors, those who involve directly or indirectlyin the process and methods or ways of heritage assessment. In the next step, the study will explain the typology of modern heritage values through library study inthree categories, i.e., historical documents, internationalconventions and theories in the field of modern heritage  conservation. History and events relating conservation ofmodern heritage have been discovered from 1980 to 2020.Moreover, theories of three types of theorists, including;heritage conservation theorists, modern architecture theorists, modern heritage conservation theorists from the late19 century until 2018, have been explored. Besides, theinternational documents relative to the issue have beenelaborated considering the type of value from 1990 until the last existing document in the area of modern heritage )Madrid-New Delhi, 2017). In fact, the determinedTypology is an updated version of the famous typologyby Veldpaus and Roders which was published in 2014.In this version which is prepared for Modern Heritage,except for the symbolic and evidential archaeologicalvalues, all types of values found in conventional Westerntypology overlap the modern heritage values. Moreover,values such as newness, flexibility, and cosmopolitanismwere specifically discovered as the special values of modern heritage. The discovered values can draw attention tothe modern heritage and can further improve its conservation programs.

Modern (theoretical) physics seems to be in deep crisis today as many of its core aspects are not empirically well-confirmed. Heated exchanges among physicists on the scientific status of physical theories with little or, at best, a tenuous connection to possible experimental tests is highly visible in the popular scientific literature. Some physicists (e.g., Carroll 2014, 2019; Ijjas et al., 2017) argue that science must discard empirical testability as one of its defining properties and the highly explanatory theories of present-day physics should be exempted from experimental testing, while others (e.g., Ellis & Silk 2014) spot in these arguments (for softening the testability or falsifiability requirement for modern physics) a dangerous tendency to undermine science. The philosopher of science who naturally draws most attention in these current debates is Karl Popper (1902-1994). His views, however, are often misrepresented in these debates. The prime objective of this paper is to explain how a more enlightened perspective on the ongoing debates can be obtained by a careful scrutiny of the Popperian criterion of falsifiability. As a first step in achieving this objective we will analyze the two major (conceptual) failures on which the current controversies rest. Our next step will be examining the controversial string theory to see whether the criteria of falsifiability is a ‘blunt instrument’ for determining its scientific status.

The objectives of this study were: 1. To examine girls' attitudes toward premarital dating and friendship.2. To explore the relationship between cultural grounds of socialization and girls' attitude towards premarital dating and friendship.Using the survey method, a sample of 360 girls from Shiraz University (253 girls), and Shiraz Medical Sciences University (107 girls) with a mean age of 21.9 was selected. The descriptive findings showed that over half of the girls (55.6 percent) had a moderate attitude toward this kind of relationship (girls with negative attitude were 23.5 percent), and girls with positive attitude were 11.9 percent).Inferential analysis indicated, out of independent variables, priorities of material/post-material values, religious beliefs, persistence on religious values, family attitude, friend's attitude, mother and father education, university type and use of some mass media had a significant relationship with girls' attitude. But duration of study in university, and use of magazines and newspapers did not have a significant relationship with the dependent variable.Using a multi-variable regression analysis with the aim of determining the model's soundness was indicative of three variables: persistence on religious values, friend's attitude, and family attitude explained 60.5 percent of dependent variable's variance. Although in the area of the opposite sex interpersonal relationship, the trend changes is moving toward positive attitude and modem values, but girls, at present, are amazed at an area between the traditional and modem values.

This research has been done during two years and with studying and consistent referring to almost thirty villages of region called” Mukerian” located in south of west Azarbaijan Iran. Data’ s of this research considering socio-cultural peculiarities of studied rural by using qualitative methods and grounded theory and applying techniques like; deep interviews, oral history and field participation. Theoretically, new theories of modernization and some of theories which related to interpretive sociology have been our guidance and especially Engelhard’ s theory of values evolution, new theory of modernization and reflexive modernity of Giddens have formed our conceptual frame work. Anyway, observation, studies and “ lived experience” of researcher shows the happening of different “ objective-subjective” kind of changes in the “ life world” of Kurdish rural under influence of environmental conditions, locating in border age and neighboring with Iraq and Turkey, historical, political and cultural conditions of geographical region called” Mukerian” , in different fields; “ religious and spiritual values” , all show ” modernizing of rural man. In fact we in one side observing “ creation of some new and modern traditions’ and in the other “ modernizing of some old traditions” in Iranian rural community and so in Kurdistan. All such changes guided us toward our field theory which we have called it “ rural pseudo-modernism with Kurdish Iranian characters” .

Today, the development of modern information and communication technology and the emergence of cyberspace have given rise to global values ​​and meanings in the relations of societies. On the other hand, these values ​​and meanings may generate new demands, cause pessimism towards ideological teachings among citizens, and shape a type of multiple citizenship (meaning citizens who feel a sense of belonging to both national values, symbols and meanings and global meanings, symbols and values). As a result, we are witnessing value and identity pluralism among citizens.  The spread of modern values ​​, thanks to cyberspace, has intertwined the fabric of the new society. The tendency towards these values ​​​​probably has an impact on the priorities and orientation of individuals. Due to the lack of comprehensive control over modern means of communication, societies have lost the ability to inspire a sense of belonging and commitment to goals and values in people ​​and to maintain identity-giving elements. The present paper aims to explore the relationship between the tendency towards modern values ​​and social identity. The theoretical model of this research brings together the theories of Gibbins, Giddens, and Jameson. The underlying research hypothesis is that the more people move towards modern values, the more their national, religious and revolutionary identity will be undermined. This research was conducted using a survey method. The statistical population consisted of people over 15 years of age in Tehran. The findings suggest that the tendency towards modern values ​​has an inverse and significant relationship with Iranian identity, Islamic identity and revolutionary identity.  

In analyzing the relationship between tradition and modernity, while focusing on traditional and modern values, certain researchers believe that in the process of modernization some of the traditional values would break down and collapse. This happens because, it is said that, these two kinds of values cannot stay together in the process of modernization. Our society has taken the path of modernization and development with a rapid pace since several decades ago, this is why at this juncture, a discussion of the fate of the values seems necessary. We launch our basic question as “What will happen to the family and religion in the process of modernity?” This is dealt with at a micro level, and for the analysis of different values in the contemporary Iranian situation, we use the integrative perspectives (modernization and postmodern perspectives), and also utilize data produced by the World Values Survey about different societies, which is being treated at a macro level. Among all values, we have focused on family and religious ones and have compared these values with those of other countries. We have reached several results such as: 1) the elderly, lowly educated, and the poor care more for these values than do the young, the intellectuals, and the rich. 2) Among different issues, the level of education is more directly related to religiosity of people. 3) Among the challenges of tradition and modernity in Iran, religiosity is more important than the family. 4) At the macro level, there is negative relationship between values and human development in different countries.

The Iran’s recent society due to social changes and its particular problems of transitional period has been challenges in various ways especially in the dimension of socio–cultural values. One of the important objects of this change in the transitional period is social identity debates. In this study attempt has been made to analyses the social identity through modern and traditional concepts, with the view of changes which occur in the attitude and social values of the people. This study performed by using survey method, Research universe consists of all girls’ students of shahid Chamran University, and 254 cases were selected through random sampling method. The statistical analysis of data is based on, correlation and multi variable regression, in this research impact of socio–economic status, educational level of parents, social awareness about rights and duties, religions practice and occupational perspective are studied with social identity. Result indicated that, the above mentioned in depended variables could explain 56% of the variations of the dependent variable (social identity).

The Qur'an contains religious values ​​for the advancement of man to happiness. The claim is that Quranic teachings are the basis of religious values; By choosing it better, the method of proving religious beliefs can be extracted. This research tries to extract the method of proving religious beliefs with a business approach and by using artistic forms with a descriptive and analytical method and with a better selection of Quranic teachings. Based on the verses, the process was defined as the introduction to the institutionalization of religious values ​​in the businessman 1- Gaining self-knowledge (knowing the talents, capacities, existential dimensions and position of man in the universe); 2- Gaining monotheistic insight (knowing the origin and your relationship with the Creator); 3- Reciprocity is (knowing the destination and drawing the path of happiness in the universe). After the realization of these three stages, the beliefs must be proven through rational and scientific reasoning and penetrate, in this case, the acceptance of good qualities in the businessman will be facilitated.